Capital Punishment Essay - 1405 Words

Capital Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay quot;Executions,quot; he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian because he believes that social usefulness is the only way to justify it. Martin Perlmutter on the other hand, maintains the retributivist view of capital punishment, which states that a murderer deserves to be punished because of a conscious decision to†¦show more content†¦It is difficult to determine whether alterations in the murder rates and the presence of capital punishment have a causal relationship. The only other method of justifying the deterring ability of the death penalty is through an intuitive argument. Hy pothetically, if a person knows that murdering another will result in their own execution, he or she will not commit the crime. The intuitive argument fails however, because murderers do not face certain death when they go to trial. The long-term effects of murder seem so distant that capital punishment may fail to act as a deterrent at all. Such is the case with cigarette smokers. Any educated person knows that cigarette smoking can cause lung cancer and many other fatal health problems. The negative results of this activity are so distant though, that people believe that quot;it will not happen to me.quot; Another failure in the intuitive argument defending the deterring ability of the death penalty is whether it actually serves as a greater deterrence than life imprisonment. Bodily mutilation may deter many people from committing a multitude of crimes, however this sort of punishment is inconceivable in American society. Glover does not believe that the argument of deterrence can be effectivelyShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Accounting System And The Roman Empire - 1409 Words

Another Society with their own intricate accounting system was the Roman Empire. This comes as no surprise because of the scope and size of the Roman Empire; accounting was once again a necessity to a well-maintained society. There is evidence of comprehensive financial statements in the rule of Emperor Augustus circa 63 BC-14 AD. These statements included information on expenses on â€Å"statistics concerning the provinces and dependent kingdoms; direct and indirect taxation; as well as recurrent expenditures and gifts†, as well as, â€Å"the amounts of cash in the Aerarium†¦and in the hands of the publicani† (Oldroyd, â€Å"The Role†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 1995). The Aerarium was the treasury, and the publicani was the public. These are similar to what the Chinese had because they were used by the government to go about completing the financing and running of the empire. These figures could be used to make it easier to track all the expenses and revenues of the governme nt. The government was not the only ones to keep accounting records in the Roman Empire either. Account books were kept by those look to maintain and achieve citizenship. It is believed that â€Å"men of property at Rome often did write up their permanent account-books about every month.† They were required to do this to maintain their citizenship because citizenship was tied to the amount of property owned and this meant a need to keep records of it. (Oldroyd, â€Å"The Role†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 1995). As well as citizens, accounting was a necessity for the soldier ofShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1352 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the fall of the Western Roman empire in 476 CE the European continent found itself dragged into a very chaotic period. This period known as the dark ages would see numerous kingdoms rise and fall. The constant shifting of territories and fealties made it very difficult for the culture and technologies of the roman age to remain intac t. During this period survival of body over ruled the survival of the mind. In 742 CE a boy was born into the Frank kingdom located in what would become modernRead MoreRoman Empire And The Han Dynasty Contrast912 Words   |  4 PagesRoman Empire and the Han Dynasty Contrast Rise of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire is still known today as one of history’s most powerful period. Rome government had stick rules and policies. The Roman government at this point was known as the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was controlled by the roar Rome. Bureaucracy was ran throughout the region, but Rome did not want this nor could they afford it. However, they did allow small cities to run a lower level of government. The exerciseRead MoreEssay on His 112/ the Crisis of the Third Century1314 Words   |  6 Pages His/112 September 2 2011 The Crisis of the Third Century The Crisis of the Third Century was the era in which the Roman Empire almost collapsed under the many myriad of pressures including economic depression, civil war, plague and invasion. Because war was expensive, the Roman Empire had to increase taxes and this caused for many of the Romans to be upset and for the economy to be in a crisis. Revolts were also started because many of the civilians retaliated back because ofRead MoreThe Failure of Rome’s Economy and the Fall of the Roman Empire995 Words   |  4 Pageseconomy contributed majorly to the fall of Rome. The Roman Economy during the late Republic and Early Empire was based heavily on Agriculture and Commerce. Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life. Cicero had considered agriculture to be the best of all Roman Occupations (Sarudy). There had been a lot of trading between the provinces of the empire, and all regions of the empire were largel y economically interdependent. Egypt wasRead MoreThe World Of Antiquity, The Roman Empire Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesIn the world of antiquity, the Roman Empire (A.D. 117) was one of the roots of medieval Europe, where romans were at the top. They ruled this enormous amount of lands, the center being the city of Rome and the leader being the roman emperor. The empire’s extensive political, economic and social structure became vital to the heritage of the Ancient Civilization. The emergence of sustainable agriculture, primitive technology, scholarly writing and reading, and metalworking had developed stability,Read MoreThe Importance of Numeration and the Application of Counting Throughouth History875 Words   |  3 Pagesparties, which is why accounting came to be. Accounting is universally known as â€Å"the language of business†; in the modern business world accounting revolves around four main financial statements. These statements are known as: the balance s heet, the income statement, the statement of retained earnings and the statement of cash flow. This however, is modern accounting, it has evolved significantly since it first commenced in ancient civilizations. Its hard to say when accounting exactly began, dueRead MoreEvolution of Management1083 Words   |  5 Pageswho used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved government to manage the vast empires resources. This was done through governors’ who were in charge of certain areas as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can find artifacts that in old cities such as Jerusalem where we find aqueductsRead MoreThe Islamic Culture Mirrors Of The Roman Empire1202 Words   |  5 Pages It is said that the Islamic culture mirrors that of the Roman Empire in terms of expansion and longevity. The now widely practiced faith began in an area called Arabia, which neither Rome nor Persia dared conquer. From its creation, it contributed several important things to Medieval Europe and the World as a whole. It conquered a large region and gained thousands of followers. Islam began, as stated, in the desert land of Arabia. Due to the Arabs’ tribal nature, they were skilled at navigationRead MoreOrigin of Accounting3836 Words   |  16 PagesAccounting historians have attempted to relate their knowledge of the variety of accounting practices at various points of time, and in various places. It is to wider questions of the role of accounting in reflecting and shaping not only business and management practice, but also economic and social organization more generally. Finleys classic  ¡Ã‚ §The Ancient Economy ¡Ã‚ ¨ , which analyzed the embedded-ness of ancient economic activity in the social structure, and in the status concerns of the free citizensRead MoreA Public Administrator s Biggest Concern1504 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. The Romans also had a system like this, but it was much more complex. This system was under their empire. They also had an administrative structure created by the Roman Catholic Church. This structure was comprised of the entire empire, with a hierarchy of officers. Everyone also had to report back to the emperor. This soon disappeared after the fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe in the 5th century. Surprisingly, most of its practices continued in the Byzantine Empire in the East

Motivation and Job Satisfaction Free Essays

In today’s hyper-competitive marketplace, understanding what fosters and forwards employee motivation—and, thus, organizational performance—is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. Introduction In today’s marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Job Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating, where employees want to stay, grow and contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise. Motivation is generally defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s level of effort, as well as a person’s persistence in the face of obstacles. The direction of a person’s behavior refers to the many possible actions that a person could engage in, while persistence refers to whether, when faced with roadblocks and obstacles, an individual keeps trying or gives up. The responsibility for motivation is three-fold: it falls on the senior leadership, the direct manager and the employee. Numerous factors are involved, from trust, engagement and values (individual and organizational) to job satisfaction, achievement, acknowledgement and rewards. Motivation is essential for working autonomously, as well as for collaboration and effective teamwork. The ultimate focus of the organization is to successfully retain talent, meet goals and go beyond expectations. It is the role of HR and organizational leaders to foster an environment for excellence. Through a foundation of research, theory, studies and practical examples, this article addresses the questions of what motivates employees, what managers need to do, and what supports motivation and, thus, performance. What Influences Motivation? Motivating employees for better performance encompasses these critical factors: employee engagement, Organizational vision and values, management acknowledgment and appreciation of work well done, and overall authenticity of leadership. Chana Anderson, CCP, SPHR-CA, director of HR and a member of the SHRM Employee Relations Special Expertise Panel, says that motivation is influenced equally by the employee and the company: â€Å"Motivation and engagement is truly a 50-50 relationship between the employee and employer. Employees are expected to come to the workplace with the intrinsic motivation and desire to be successful, be value-added and contribute to the obtainment of an employer’s vision. Conversely, it is incumbent upon the employer to provide resources, opportunities, recognition and a cohesive work environment for employees to be successful. Employee Engagement Engagement influences motivation. It is reflected in the extent to which employees commit, how hard they work and how long they stay. People join organizations for different reasons, motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic rewards are reflected in actions believed to be important. Examples include an employee who wants to help people by providing excellent customer service or a senior manager who gains a sense of accomplishment from overseeing a large corporation. Intrinsic outcomes include responsibility, autonomy, feelings of accomplishment and the pleasure of doing interesting work. Extrinsic-motivated behavior includes actions performed with the goal to have material or social rewards, with outcomes such as job security, benefits, vacation time and public recognition. It is the responsibility of managers to motivate employees, with the goal for employees to contribute to the organization. Managers can best motivate employees by offering rewards that are meaningful to them. Vision and Values Employees are often motivated differently. To develop a work environment that promotes motivation, organizations need to know what is important to their employees and then to emphasize these factors. In fact, some companies and researchers are beginning to look at â€Å"work spirituality†Ã¢â‚¬â€not in a religious sense, but in a sense that what an employee does aligns with his or her greater sense of life and purpose. Aside from monetary gain, work provides people with fulfillment on various levels, from earning a living and â€Å"doing good work† to aspiring to a vision and ultimately having an impact on the quality of life. These reasons can change over time in response to changes in people’s home life and responsibilities. Further, in response to drastic economic changes and natural disasters, companies can change over time as well. Management Acknowledgment and Appreciation How employees are treated is a strong determinant of employee motivation and performance. Edward E. Lawler III, author and consultant for human resource management, emphasizes that â€Å"treating people right is fundamental to creating organizational effectiveness and success. It is also easier said than done. † According to Lawler, this includes â€Å"a highly complex set of actions on the part of both organizations and employees. Organizations must develop ways to treat their employees so that they are motivated and satisfied; employees must behave in ways to help their organizations become effective and high-performing. † This winning combination for performance requires a partnership between the organization and the employees. Lawler states: â€Å"One can’t succeed without the other. To provide people with meaningful work and rewards, organizations need to be successful. And to be successful, organizations need high-performing individuals. The challenge is to design organizations that perform at high levels and treat people in ways that are rewarding and satisfying. To describe this mutually beneficial relationship, Lawler uses the term virtuous spiral, a relationship that occurs when the organization values its employees, and in return, workers are committed to high performance. Leadership and Making a Difference In today’s pressure-cooker environment, performance is carefully noted at all levels of the organization. No matter an individual’s title, everyone has the opportunity to lead in some capacity and have a positive impact on performance. Understanding the value that can be achieved through different roles is one way of providing motivation, performance and thus leadership skills. A recent article published on Knowledge@Wharton, titled â€Å"Putting a Face to a Name: The Art of Motivating Employees,† emphasizes that workers have better results when they can identify with those they serve. Specifically, face-to-face interactions and task significance (â€Å"what I do makes a difference†) are key drivers for motivation and performance. Research by Adam Grant, Ph. D. , a Wharton management professor, indicates that making human connections is critical for motivation, leadership and high job performance. He found that face-to-face interactions—no matter how superficial—can lead to significant improvements in performance, and that motivation and performance increase simply by an employee’s awareness of the impact of his or her job on others. Dr. Grant has observed this result through studies of all types of jobs and roles in the workplace, from customer service representatives, managers, nurses, doctors and medical technicians to security guards, engineers, salespeople, police officers and fire fighters—based on when people can directly see the impact of their efforts. Mini Case Study In a study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology, Dr. Grant found that lifeguards at a community recreation center who read about how their ability to avoid fatalities made a difference were stronger leaders/performers. Their work improved by 40% in contrast to lifeguards who merely learned that lifeguarding can be personally enriching. Grant points out that in today’s economy, where work is often virtual without the end user physically present, â€Å"it is important for employers to build in systems that reinforce employees’ awareness of whom they are helping. 6 As HR leaders work on processes and systems designed to improve motivation and performance, it is important to be cognizant of the issue of technology and how it can create distance between employees and the end users of their work. Dr. Grant suggests that focus on the mission of the organization is one way to overcome the challenge of a virtual workplace and lack of direct interaction and is a successful strategy for creating the energy for motivation necessary to achieve high performance and quality of service. Leadership for Motivation To reach the hearts and minds of employees, leaders need to be authentic with an impelling vision. It is exceedingly important for a leader of any organization to communicate his or her vision constantly to ensure that there is no doubt about the direction a team is heading,† says Ken Blanchard, world-renowned management coach. He emphasizes: â€Å"One of the most destructive traits a leader can have today is arrogance—acting like you’ve got it together all the time. On the other hand, one of the most endearing qualities a leader can have is to be in touch with his or her vulnerability. It’s that side of a leader that keeps the vision from crumbling under the pressure of circumstance. 7 In addition, leaders need to connect the organization’s vision and values to the employees’ day-to-day work and help them see how the work they do every day connects to the bigger picture. The 2009 study Best Companies for Leadership conducted by Bloomberg BusinessWeek. com and the Hay Group reveals that leading companies were focused on leadership even during the recent economic downtown. This annual study ranks the best companies for leadership and examines how they develop leaders. The 2009 study found a shift in what the top 20 leading organizations value regarding leadership. Specifically, the most valued qualities in leaders are strategic thinking and inspiring leadership. In a press release, John Larrere, national director of Hay Group’s Leadership and Talent Practice, and co-leader of the Best Companies for Leadership Study, stated: â€Å"For organizations to succeed, they will need to understand what key leadership elements are paramount in driving their organizations toward growth. It’s more than just getting people to produce the right outcomes. It’s about getting them to be passionate about their work and grooming them to handle the challenges ahead. The Best Companies for Leadership have figured this out. According to this study, companies are now focusing their efforts on positioning for the future. To do so, 94% of the best companies have leadership development programs to enable employees to deliver on goals/strategies, 90% provide all employees with the opportunity to develop and practice the capabilities needed to lead others, and 87% have a sufficient number of internal candidates ready to assume open leadership positions. In fact, 94% of the best companies actively manage a pool of successors for mission-critical roles, 83% invest a great deal in their people, and 80% promote growth opportunities. In addition, 95% use corporate social responsibility to recruit employees, 66% have a high proportion of women in senior leadership, 91% make it easy for people to work from home, and 91% have an appreciation of global issues as a key job requirement. Finally, the best companies for leadership focus on employee engagement through commitment and discretionary effort and on employee enablement, with optimized roles and a supportive environment, leading to financial success, customer satisfaction and employee performance—all to drive organizational performance. In today’s economy, leaders need to be mindful of economic pressures when looking for ways to motivate employees. Some organizations find cost-effective ways to provide opportunities through â€Å"developmental assignments,† where people can grow their skills in other areas to be ready for promotions when they may occur. A good manager will take the time to consider ways to motivate employees, whether performance levels are good or need improvement. For the leader, it is beneficial to take a step back and consider, on a personal level, what is motivating oneself. Important questions to ask are: 1) what are your own values; 2) what keeps you motivated; 3) how are your own engagement levels; 4) are you committed to the values of your company; and 5) do you take pride in your work and in your organization? By taking the time to examine these questions and thoughtfully answer them, a leader can gain a refreshed and even enlightened viewpoint to perform better—both for him/herself and for his or her staff—and be able to better optimize for improvement. By identifying three areas that need most attention, for example, a leader can develop a plan and put it into action. Employees need to have acknowledgment and respect and know that their contributions are valued. It cannot be stressed enough how demotivating it can be when managers do not recognize, acknowledge or appreciate employees and their hard work. Two strategies that can help motivate employees are 1) to provide training (including current job, new technologies and the ability to keep up with changes in the employees’ areas of expertise) and 2) promotional opportunities (promote from within). Positive and supportive leadership clearly makes the difference for an engaged and motivated workforce. In an interview with Hospitals and Health Networks, Jo Manion, R. N. , Ph. D. , points to the bottom line for hospital and patient care, as outlined in her book, The Engaged Workforce: Proven Strategies to Build a Positive Health Care Workforce. 12 Since excellent health care is critical for everyone at different points in life, employee motivation that results in excellent patient care is one example of motivation that all can relate to on personal and professional levels. How to cite Motivation and Job Satisfaction, Essay examples

Strategic Management Theory Integrated Method

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Theory Integrated Method. Answer: Introduction: From the provided case study, it has been identified that the global economic crisis of 2009 has resulted in a sharp decline in veneer and lumber sales in the Dubai market. The net profit for the organisation from the period 2005-2009 has been represented in the form of a graph as follows: The list of strategic alternatives, which could be used on the part of Chabros International Group to combat with the falling net margin of the organisation over the subsequent years, comprise of the following: Shutting down parts of the Serbian sawmill Expansion of business within the current operating markets Change in the product mix Market development in Morocco Evaluation of alternatives along with their pros and cons: The above-mentioned alternatives have been considered, in which the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative are briefly represented as follows: Chabros International Group by closing the Serbian sawmills would experience a reduction in employee base. As a result, it could be bale to save $40,000 each year in salaries. In this regard, Bergh et al. (2014) stated that such reduction would help in minimising excess capacity with greater focus on needed resources. The same number could be purchased from a low-priced supplier in Russia. However, the retrenchment of staffs might discourage the existing staffs associated with the organisation. Along with this, the investment of $10 million in sawmills would go in vain. Furthermore, Chabros International Group might lose competitive edge in the non-MENA areas and the potential Moroccan subsidiary. Expansion of business within the current operating markets: As the organisation operates in Dubai, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Serbia, Lebanon nd Egypt, the prevailing legislations are well known. Thus, the market experience is of immense value for penetration in methods that would work (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). In addition, the costs would be minimal, since profiles are already developed about the product needs. However, the falling demand in the existing markets and lack of acquisition of new knowledge are the major drawbacks of this alternative. In addition, the existing markets buy superior quality veneers; however, Chabros require the customers to purchase lumber manufactured in Serbia. Chabros could focus on lumber by selling the same to different European nations, since it is cheaper to acquire. In addition, sawmill of Serbia has the capacity to supply lumber, since it could be picked easily. However, this is not the business core, as Chabros bid against for large projects in veneer in the past. The profit would further be minimised with the increase in restructuring costs. Alternatively, Chabros could focus on veneer due to its adequate experience in the market. In addition, the MENA areas prefer veneer and diverse range of business operations are in the areas, as Dubai is one of the largest customers of the organisation. However, such mix would lose focus on the European nations and Morocco. In addition, veneer is not a commodity unlike lumber and it comes in various qualities at various costs. Chabros has developed a positive brand image due to high quality products in its operating markets. Thus, this strategy would help in taking its products to the new market (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). This cost-effective strategy would help Chabros to experience sales increase in Morocco. However, wrong marketing strategy or biasness in the same could increase the costs and eventual decline of the subsidiary. Recommendation: Based on the above alternatives, the most effective solution for Chabros is to initiate a Moroccan subsidiary. The organisation would enter the new market of Morocco, since it offers many new opportunities with low level of competition. The organisation could utilise the additional capacity of lumber from sawmills for selling the same to the Moroccans due to high demand in the market. Thus, it is the least costly with high potential for enhancing sales in the long-run. However, the other strategies are developed on short-term basis. Morocco has been the strategic choice of the organisation in the long-run. In the future, it could access the markets of the neighbouring nations, which include Algeria and Tunisia. In terms of culture, Morocco is identical to Lebanon (Keupp, Palmi and Gassmann 2012). Therefore, any cultural issues could be easily resolved. This decision would help Chabros in selling its additional lumber to maintain its competitive advantage. Implementation plan: The Ansoff matrix could be used to implement the strategy of initiating a subsidiary in Morocco: Market penetration would be made by offering lower prices to enhance the market share to combat with the rivals. The product development of lumber and veneer in Morocco would broaden the scope of Chabros to find new customers and hit new segments The market development strategy would be to use the brand reputation of Chabros, which is relatively less costly to guarantee higher sales. Entry into other markets like Algeria and Tunisia with development in Morocco through diversification strategy by spreading business risk is the final step in the proposed implementation plan. Risk and mitigation strategies: The following risks have been identified for the selected strategy along with strategies to mitigate them: There is political instability in Morocco, which might limit the operational procedures of Chabros in the market. In order to deal with the situation, the organisation needs to ascertain the overhead costs from legal conformity, reporting, tax and staff compensation. Recruiting skilled personnel is another risk, which might minimise the organisational productivity of Chabros. In order to manage this risk, Chabros needs to check the backgrounds of the potential staffs and previous work experience before appointing the personnel for the Moroccan subsidiary. References: Bergh, D.D., Connelly, B.L., Ketchen, D.J. and Shannon, L.M., 2014. Signalling theory and equilibrium in strategic management research: An assessment and a research agenda.Journal of Management Studies,51(8), pp.1334-1360. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Keupp, M.M., Palmi, M. and Gassmann, O., 2012. The strategic management of innovation: A systematic review and paths for future research.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), pp.367-390. Mellahi, K. and Frynas, G., 2015.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Stacey, R. and Mowles, C., 2015. Strategic management and organisational dynamics: The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations. Vogel, R. and Gttel, W.H., 2013. The dynamic capability view in strategic management: a bibliometric review.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(4), pp.426-446.